The diversity of discourse types encountered in linguistics presents a significant challenge to establishing a universally applicable classification system. This difficulty underscores the need to refine existing approaches to discourse typologization. The article addresses this gap by developing a comprehensive typology of discourses grounded in the concept of contextually determined coherence. The typology is built upon the coherent connections discernible in discourses, with a specific focus on such formative contexts as thematic topic, authorial agency, communicative intention, mode of formal realization, and scale of dissemination. The empirical material encompasses Russian-language discourses, emphasizing professional spheres: scientific, medical, economic, and media communication. The research employs qualitative methods: systematic observation of discursive practices, in-depth interpretation of coherence, systematization of discourse types, and classification by novel criteria. A key underpinning is the distinction between discourse and text coherence. Discourse coherence is conceptualized as a dynamic, context-dependent system of semantic, communicative, and structural interlinkages exceeding static textual units. The study rigorously defines and conceptually justifies three distinct types of discourse coherence: cognitive-semantic, driven by thematic unity; cognitive-pragmatic, shaped by author and intention; and cognitive-structural, determined by form and scale. Contextually determined coherence is established as a foundational category, emphasizing the essential interconnectedness between the constituents of a discursive system (textual components and the encompassing context) providing a basis for the presented typology. The principal outcome of this research is a novel, hierarchically structured classification of discourses, visually represented as a diagram. This diagram represents the interdependencies between contextual factors and their corresponding discourse types, highlighting major relationships and oppositions. The proposed typology offers considerable practical utility for the analysis and classification of a broad spectrum of real-world discourses, notably in professional communication. It contributes to the theoretical advancement of discourse analysis methodologies and the enhancement of pedagogical approaches in discourse theory in linguistic education. 

This study explores the functions of enumerations in promotional academic discourse, specifically examining graduate program announcements from top Russian universities targeting international applicants. Recognizing the increasing marketization of higher education and the importance of effective promotional genres, this research addresses the underexplored role of enumeration in academic program announcements. Data, consisting of ten Humanities program announcements from “RAEX-100” listed universities, were sourced from the Keystone Masterstudies website. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative analyses – structural text, functional-stylistic, and pragmatic – with quantitative statistical processing of textual features. The aim was to identify patterns in how enumerations function to inform, persuade, and ultimately attract prospective international graduate students. The results demonstrate a significant and strategic reliance on enumerations throughout the announcements. These serve three primary, interconnected functions: describing program features, clarifying program details and benefits, and impressing the addressee with program strengths. Descriptive and clarifying functions are often contextually determined by their location in the announcement structure, while the “impressing” function consistently reinforces both. Furthermore, the study identified positive lexis, numeric data, proper names, connecting words, and parallel syntactic structures as key linguistic elements that effectively intensify these functions, enhancing the promotional pragmatic impact. This research expands our understanding of promotional academic discourse, specifically clarifying the rhetorical effectiveness of enumeration in graduate program announcements. The findings have practical value for universities and academics seeking to craft compelling promotional materials. Future research directions include broadening the corpus to encompass Science disciplines and undertaking cross-cultural comparative analyses to identify both universal and culturally specific aspects of successful academic program promotion. 

This article focuses on the functioning of the popular German proverb “Geld allein macht nicht glücklich” (“Money alone does not bring happiness”) in German-language press publications over the last decade. The study aims to determine the communicative-pragmatic potential of this paremia, in both its traditional and modified forms, specifically in economics-related articles. Further objectives include identifying the proverb’s variational capacity, systematizing its modifications, and developing models of variation based on instances found in the research corpus. The study employs a range of methodological approaches, including theoretical analysis, continuous sampling, dictionary definition analysis, component analysis, and situational-contextual analysis. Statistical processing and generalization techniques were also applied to the collected data. The primary research material consists of newspaper articles extracted from prominent German online news sources, such as “Focus”, “Taz”, “Manager magazin”, “Frankfurter Rundschau”, “WELT”, “Berliner Zeitung”, “Yahoo!finanzen”, and “Süddeutsche Zeitung”. The Digital Dictionary of the German Language (DWDS) corpus served as supplementary material. The findings indicate that the proverb predominantly appears in the main body of articles, primarily functioning to attract reader attention and to convey expressive and evaluative meaning. Notably, modified forms of the proverb occur 1.5 times more frequently than its standard dictionary form. Analysis of the corpus identified both variants, which maintain the core meaning, and transforms, which alter the proverb’s meaning partially or completely. Formal modifications include expansion through additional components, reduction of form, grammatical alterations, component substitution, shifts in communicative orientation, and reduction of the negative element. The research culminates in the proposition of models of proverbial variation. The presented variation models offer clarification regarding the specific ways this proverb is realized in economic media discourse and contribute to understanding and predicting its modification potential. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the development of these variation models for a specific paremia and the pioneering examination of the proverb’s usage in both traditional and modified forms in German economic press. 

The article aims to explore the potential of generative artificial intelligence (AI) for assessing written work and providing feedback on it. The goal of this research is to determine the possibilities and limitations of generative AI when used for evaluating students’ written production and providing feedback. To accomplish the aim, a systematic review of twenty-two original studies was conducted. The selected studies were carried out in both Russian and international contexts, with results published between 2022 and 2025. It was found that the criteria-based assessments made by generative models align with those of instructors, and that generative AI surpasses human evaluators in its ability to assess language and argumentation. However, the reliability of this evaluation is negatively affected by the instability of sequential assessments, the hallucinations of generative models, and their limited ability to account for contextual nuances. Despite the detailisation and constructive nature of feedback from generative AI, it is often insufficiently specific and overly verbose, which can hinder student comprehension. Feedback from generative models primarily targets local deficiencies, while human evaluators pay attention to global issues, such as the incomplete alignment of content with the assigned topic. Unlike instructors, generative AI provides template-based feedback, avoiding indirect phrasing and leading questions contributing to the development of self-regulation skills. Nevertheless, these shortcomings can be addressed through subsequent queries to the generative model. It was also found that students are open to receiving feedback from generative AI; however, they prefer to receive it from instructors and peers. The results are discussed in the context of using generative models for evaluating written work and formulating feedback by foreign language instructors. The conclusion emphasises the necessity of a critical approach to using generative models in the assessment of written work and the importance of training instructors for effective interaction with these technologies. 

This research addresses the challenge of polysemy in neural machine translation (NMT), particularly for the Chinese-Russian language pair, known for its significant interlingual and intercultural asymmetry. Despite considerable advancements in NMT, the accurate translation of polysemous words remains a key obstacle to achieving high-quality automated text generation, often leading to misinterpretations and hindering effective communication. Currently, methodologies for developing specialized dictionaries that can effectively address this issue for NMT systems are lacking. This article aims to define the qualitative characteristics for detailed polysemantic dictionaries designed to enhance the interpretability of NMT, specifically for Chinese-Russian translation. The study employs eco-cognitive modeling of professional translator communication to investigate human-machine interaction in handling lexical ambiguity, focusing on the cognitive processes involved in disambiguation. Parallel Chinese-Russian texts serve as the material, subjected to manual processing to identify polysemous units challenging for NMT. The article proposes a theoretical framework for bilingual dictionary compilation based on this manual analysis, outlining principles for structuring dictionary entries to capture subtleties of lexical usage. The developed algorithm details the manual processing of parallel texts and the design of dictionary entry schemes tailored for NMT. The research identifies key qualitative characteristics for detailed Chinese-Russian parallel training corpora. These include linguistic and definitional parameters, comprehensive dictionary representation, and translation variability informed by lexico-grammatical compatibility, discourse-genre affiliation, and conceptual-categorical taxonomy. This study contributes to translation theory by offering a practical approach to enhance NMT interpretability through targeted dictionary development. The findings are relevant for improving machine translation quality, particularly for complex language pairs, ultimately facilitating more effective cross-lingual communication and knowledge exchange in different spheres, including business and academic research. 

This study investigates the communicative behavior of English-speaking professionals in institutional online exchanges. The background for this research lies in the growing importance of digital communication in business and the recognized need in linguistics for a deeper understanding of its pragmatic and linguacultural aspects, especially as remote work and international collaborations expand. The purpose of the study is to establish the specifics of the manifestation of distancing in institutional online communication through reference to its verbal markers. The empirical material comprises transcripts of earnings calls from a prominent American corporation, offering authentic examples of contemporary business discourse in a teleconference format. Communicative-pragmatic and linguacultural approaches employed to reach the goal preconditioned the use of definitive, contextual, and communicative functional methods. The communicative-pragmatic perspective of the study was focused on identifying the features of the verbal behavior of communicants, manifested in the preference for certain communication strategies within the digital communication format. The linguacultural focus of the study made it possible to reveal the linguistic embodiment of communication strategies as well as to analyze the correlation of linguistic analysis data with culturally specific features of speech behavior. The main result of the analysis reveals a discernible trend towards reduced distancing in English-language business online communication compared to traditional offline discourse. This suggests a significant adaptation of culturally ingrained communication norms in response to the affordances of digital formats, prioritizing immediacy and perceived closeness. The relevance of this research extends to tracking best practices in online professional communication, particularly in cross-cultural interactions where perception of subtle changes in communicative norms is vital for effective collaboration and relationship building in the digital age. The prospects of the investigation suggest further study of the problems associated with the shifts in the boundaries of social communication in the framework of Internet communication.